FROM MARGINALIZATION TO CRIME: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORCES SHAPING FEMALE CRIMINALITY IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the socio-economic determinants underlying female criminality in Pakistan. Over time, women’s involvement in crime has been shaped by broader socio-structural changes, including industrialization, technological advancements, enhanced communication and transportation networks, and the far-reaching influence of mass media. The research sample comprised thirteen female offenders selected through a convenience sampling technique, with inclusion limited to individuals whose convictions had been formally adjudicated by the court. Data were collected using an interview guide structured around themes such as socio-demographic profiles, criminal history, and socio-economic circumstances. The findings indicate that female criminality is predominantly driven by economic deprivation, familial disputes, material aspirations, romantic relationships, and the preservation of family honor. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at strengthening women’s socio-economic status and familial support systems to reduce female involvement in criminal activities in Pakistan.