UNVEILING THE RISK FACTORS OF ABSENTEEISM AND DROPOUT: A CASE STUDY OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT SKARDU TEHSIL ROUNDU, PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study examines school absenteeism and dropout challenges in developing regions, where they hinder educational progress and limit future opportunities for young learners. Focusing on female secondary school students in Tehsil Roundu, District Skardu, the research identifies underlying risk factors contributing to absenteeism and dropout. Using a quantitative and descriptive design, data were collected from 156 students across 10 government schools through a validated questionnaire. Analysis with SPSS revealed that absenteeism stems not from a single cause but from interconnected social, economic, and institutional barriers. Key factors include family responsibilities, financial hardship, recurring health issues, discouraging teacher attitudes, negative peer influence, and environmental challenges such as distance and inadequate facilities. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive interventions involving parental awareness, improved teacher–student relationships, supportive learning environments, and government policies addressing educational inequalities. Tackling these factors collectively is essential to reduce dropout rates and ensure equitable access to quality education for marginalized female students in remote areas